CompTIA Security+ (SY0-701) Cheat Sheet

Use this for last-mile review. Read it quickly, mark the rows you still hesitate on, and then go back to targeted practice or deeper explanations only for those weak spots.

Final 20-minute recall (exam day)

Cue -> best move (scenario map)

Must-memorize SY0-701 anchors

Last-minute traps

• confusing encoding, hashing, and encryption
• choosing broad trust instead of identity-aware least privilege
• stopping at detection without thinking about containment and recovery
• ignoring evidence handling, chain of custody, or policy fit in an incident

1) Core principles

• CIA Triad: confidentiality, integrity, availability
• AAA: authentication, authorization, accounting
• Defense in depth: layered controls across people, process, and technology
• Zero Trust: verify explicitly, use least privilege, assume breach, segment and monitor

2) Threat actors and intelligence

Intel types: OSINT, HUMINT, SIGINT, TECHINT, vendor feeds.
Pyramid of Pain: indicators like hashes and IPs are easiest for attackers to change; TTPs are harder.

3) Common attacks

• Social engineering: phishing, spear phishing, vishing, smishing, pretexting, baiting, tailgating
• Credential attacks: brute force, password spraying, credential stuffing, keylogging, man-in-the-middle
• Web and app: XSS, SQLi, CSRF, SSRF, command injection, deserialization, path traversal
• Network and wireless: DoS, DNS poisoning, ARP poisoning, rogue AP, evil twin
• Malware: worm, trojan, RAT, rootkit, ransomware, logic bomb
• Supply chain and cloud: package compromise, malicious updates, exposed buckets, over-permissive roles, metadata abuse

4) Network security controls

5) Secure architecture and design

• Deployment models: on-prem, cloud, hybrid, multi-cloud
• Design goals: resiliency, segmentation, fail-open versus fail-closed, immutable infrastructure
• Data lifecycle: create, store, use, share, archive, destroy
• Zero Trust architecture: identity, policy decision, enforcement, segmentation, and telemetry work together

6) Identity, authentication, and access

• Authentication factors: know, have, are, do, where
• SSO and federation: SAML for web SSO, OAuth 2.0 for delegation, OIDC for authentication on top of OAuth
• Access models: DAC, MAC, RBAC, ABAC
• Privileged access: JIT, JEA, PIM, session recording, vaulting
• Exam rule: the better answer usually narrows privilege and improves auditability

7) Cryptography quick map

Do not confuse: Base64 is encoding, not encryption.

8) Certificates and PKI

• certificate types: DV, OV, EV, SAN, wildcard, code-signing, device, email
• lifecycle: enroll, issue, install, monitor, renew, revoke
• revocation: CRL, OCSP, OCSP stapling
• common failure points: expired certificate, wrong SAN, broken trust chain, missing intermediate, untrusted root

9) Secure protocols

• Prefer: HTTPS, SSH, SFTP, LDAPS, WPA3, 802.1X, modern TLS
• Avoid as final answer: Telnet, FTP, WEP, broad unauthenticated access
• Context matters: DNSSEC, DoT, DoH, and IPsec are good, but only when they solve the stated risk without breaking the requirement

10) Cloud and container security

• Shared responsibility changes by IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS
• Data controls: encryption, DLP, tokenization, key ownership, logging
• Posture tooling: CSPM and CASB improve visibility and policy enforcement
• Containers: minimal images, signed artifacts, secret handling, runtime controls, role-based access
• Credential rule: prefer short-lived roles or tokens over long-lived static keys

11) DevSecOps and secure coding

• threat modeling and secure requirements early
• SAST, SCA, DAST, IaC scanning, artifact signing in CI/CD
• parameterized queries, output encoding, input validation, least-privilege service accounts
• logging must help investigations without leaking secrets

12) Vulnerability management and testing

13) Monitoring, detection, and response

• Telemetry: logs, metrics, NetFlow, DNS, EDR, cloud audit data
• SIEM: normalize, correlate, alert
• UEBA: behavioral anomaly detection
• SOAR: automate repeatable triage and containment steps
• Deception: honeypots, honey tokens, and canaries help expose adversary movement

14) Incident response and forensics

IR phases: preparation, identification, containment, eradication, recovery, lessons learned

    flowchart LR
	  A["Preparation"] --> B["Identification"]
	  B --> C["Containment"]
	  C --> D["Eradication"]
	  D --> E["Recovery"]
	  E --> F["Lessons learned"]

Order of volatility: registers/cache -> RAM -> disk -> remote logs/cloud -> archives

Forensics basics:

• maintain chain of custody
• hash evidence
• preserve timestamps and time synchronization
• use write blockers or other forensic-safe collection methods when appropriate
• contain first when business risk demands it, but avoid destroying evidence without reason

15) Governance, risk, and compliance

• Policy vs standard vs procedure vs guideline
• Risk treatment: accept, avoid, transfer, mitigate
• Control types: preventive, detective, corrective, deterrent, compensating
• BCP/DR anchors: RTO is the target recovery time; RPO is tolerated data-loss window
• Framework awareness: NIST, ISO/IEC 27001, CIS, SOC 2, PCI DSS, HIPAA, GDPR

16) Quick scenario pickers

• Need web protection fast: WAF plus patching and secure coding
• Need remote access: VPN plus MFA and least-privilege authorization
• Need stronger wireless auth: WPA3-Enterprise or WPA2-Enterprise with 802.1X
• Need better admin security: privileged access controls, session logging, MFA
• Need lower blast radius: segmentation and microsegmentation
• Need proof a vulnerability matters: authorized penetration testing, not only a scan result

Quiz

From here, use the FAQ for longer explanations or open the resources page when you need the official exam details, frameworks, or lab references.